the nor- malised version is obtained as follows: K(car,car) = K(cat,cat) = 2λ4 + λ6 and hence K(car,cat) = λ4/(2λ4 + λ6) = 1/(2 + λ2). Note that in general the document will contain more than one word, [...] life”) The values for this kernel, and values of k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are: K1 = 0.580, K2 = 0.580, K3 = 0.478, K4 = 0.439, K5 = 0.406, K6 = 0.370 However, for interesting substring sizes (eg k > 4) and normal [...] . Kernels for lengths 3 and 4, 4 and 5, 5 and 6 were combined. The results are reported in Table 5. For illustration the results for length 3, 4, 5, and 6 are also given. The results show that this technique …

(ŷ 6= y|z = 0) = P (ŷ 6= y|z = 1), (3.3) — False positive rate (FPR): P (ŷ 6= y|y = −1, z = 0) = P (ŷ 6= y|y = −1, z = 1), (3.4) — False negative rate (FNR): P (ŷ 6= y|y = 1, z = 0) = P (ŷ 6= y|y [...] 5) — False omission rate (FOR): P (ŷ 6= y|ŷ = −1, z = 0) = P (ŷ 6= y|ŷ = −1, z = 1), (3.6) — False discovery rates (FDR): P (ŷ 6= y|ŷ = 1, z = 0) = P (ŷ 6= y|ŷ = 1, z = 1). (3.7) Remarks. We would [...] = − 1 False positive True negative P (ŷ 6= y|y = −1) False Positive Rate P (ŷ 6= y|ŷ = 1) False Discovery Rate P (ŷ 6= y|ŷ = −1) False Omission Rate P (ŷ 6= y) Overall Misclass. Rate Table 1: In addition …