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A Comparative Study of Optimization- and Rule-Based Control for Microgrid Operation
2
Losses in storage [MWh] - 21.0 20.4 19.3
Purchased energy [MWh] 1589.4 1610.0 1557.2 1561.4
Sold energy [MWh] 120.5 119.9 67.7 75.4
Figure. 4. Variation in one-year operating costs of microgrid with [...] Imperfect
Operating costs [RMB ×103] 1,101.4 1,061.7 1,042.1 1,047.4
Storage operating costs [RMB ×103]
- 2.6 2.9 2.7
RE self-consumption [%] 76.7 76.8 86.9 85.4
Self-sufficiency [%] 19.9 20.0 22.6 22.2 [...] imposed:
Sk,min ≤ Sk,i ≤ Sk,max. (3)
S01.4
To avoid storage depletion at the end of the prediction horizon, an additional constraint is implemented:
Sk,Np ≥ Sk,terminal. (4)
However, since we are employing MPC …